Inheritance

What you'll learn

• Describe the process of meiosis, and explain its significance in terms of maintaining chromosome number in sexual reproduction and producing genetically different offspring.
• Describe and explain how different alleles of genes affect phenotype.
• Construct and interpret genetic diagrams showing monohybrid crosses, including the involvement of dominant, recessive and codominant alleles and sex linkage.
• Construct and interpret genetic diagrams showing dihybrid crosses, including the involvement of dominant, recessive and codominant alleles, autosomal linkage and epistasis.
• Use the chi-squared test to determine the significance of differences between observed and expected results in genetic crosses.
• Explain the relationship between genes, proteins and phenotype, using the genes TYR, HBB, F8 and HTT as examples.
• Explain how the alleles Le and le control gibberellin production and hence stem elongation.
• Use the lac operon to explain how gene expression is controlled in prokaryotes.
• Describe how transcription factors are involved in the control of gene expression in eukaryotes, including the role of gibberellin and DELLA protein repressors in plants.

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