Further aspects of equilibria

What you'll learn

• Define and use the terms conjugate acid and conjugate base.
• Define mathematically the terms pH, Ka, pKa and Kw and use them in calculations.
• Calculate [H+(aq)] and pH values for strong acids, strong alkalis and weak acids.
• Define a buffer solution and explain how a buffer solution can be made.
• Explain how buffer solutions control pH, using chemical equations in these explanations.
• Describe and explain the uses of buffer solutions, including the role of HCO3− in controlling pH in the blood.
• Calculate the pH of buffer solutions, given appropriate data.
• Describe and use the term solubility product, Ksp.

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